Yaktak sport kiyimiga doir yangi davlat standarti qabul qilindi

1.History of Uzbek national clothes.

Oʻzbek milliy kiyimlari tarixi

Oʻzbek milliy kiyimlari tarixi.
O’rta Osiyo xalqlarining kiyim-kеchaklari ko’p asrlik tarixga ega. Har bir elat va etnik guruhlarning o’ziga xos xususiyatli bosh-oyoq kiyimlari bo’lsada, mintaqada yashovchi etnoslar umumiy haraktеridagi sarpo mavjudligi, ularning tarixiy taqdiri, madaniyati uzoq davr uzaro yaqin bo’lganligidan dalolat bеradi. Arxеologik qazishmalardan topilgan qadimiy katta dеvoriy rasmlar, har xil buyumlarga tushirilgan tasvirlar, o’rta asrlardagi kitob miniatyuralari ajdodlarimizning o’tmishdagi kiyim-kеchaklari to’g’risida boy ma’lumotlar bеradi. Ilk o‘rta asrlarga oid devoriy rang tasvirlarda o‘sha davrda yashagan ajdodlarimizning kiyim-boshlari, ularning turli xil shakllari, mahalliy xususiyatlari hamda bu davrga oid mato turlari aks etgan. Ayniqsa, bu borada Afrosiyob, Panjikent, Varaxsha, Bolaliktepa, Xolchayon va boshqa qator yodgorliklardagi devoriy rang tasvirlarni alohida ta’kidlab o‘tmoq joizdir. Jumladan, bolalik tepadagi qazilmalar chog‘ida topilgan suratlarda erkaklar ustida yaktagi borligi aniqlangan. Yozma manbalarda «yaktak» so‘zi XII-XIII asrlardan e’tiboran ma’lumdir. Chunonchi, «Muqaddimatul-adab»da “yaktoyi, yaktayni kiydi” degan so‘zlar uchraydi. Devoriy suratlardan va arxeologik materiallardan shu narsa ma’lum bo‘ladiki, ilk o‘rta asrlarda o‘ziga to‘q toxaristonlik erkaklar ipakdan, kambag‘al aholi esa oq bo‘zdan chakmon kiyganlar. Ushbu ma’lumotlarni bevosita yozma manbalar ham tasdiqlaydi. Jumladan, mashhur xitoy sayyohi Syuanszan Toxaristonning kambag‘al aholisi paxtali mato va kam sonli boy-badavlat tabaqa vakillari esa junli matodan kiyim kiyishganini yozadi.

O‘zbekiston xalqlarining hozirgi kiyimida ham ildizi chuqur tarixiy an’anaga borib taqaladigan xususiyatlar mavjudligini kuzatish imkonini beradi. Farg‘ona vodiysining Munchoqtepa yodgorligidan eng qadimgi va ilk o‘rta asrlarga oid qator kiyimlarning namunalari, asosan, erkak ayol va bolalar ust-boshlari topilgan. Qolaversa, o‘zbek mumtoz adabiyotining asoschisi Alisher Navoiy asarlarida terinchak «terlik» ma’nosi ta’kidlangan.

O‘zbek milliy kiyimlarini o‘rganishda XV-XIX aslarda Hirot va Buxoro maktablariga mansub musavvirlar yaratgan miniatyura san’ati asarlari juda qimmatbaho manba hisoblanadi.Manbaalardan ko‘rinadiki milliy libos deganda faqatgina adras va yoki atlasni, turli do‘ppilarnigina hisoblash xatodir, matosidan qatiy nazar tikilish jihatidan ham o‘zbek milliy libosi deb atalishga haqli libsolar juda ko‘p ekan. Xatto milliy bosh kiyimlarimizdan biri bo‘lgan do‘ppining yuzdan ortiq turlari mavjud ekan.Oʻzbek xalqining milliy oʻziga xos xususiyatlarini aks ettiruvchi qadimgi davrlarda yaratilgan va hozirgi kunlarda foydalaniladigan, madaniyati va tarixi bilan uzviy bogʻliq boʻlgan kiyimlar. Har bir mintaqa uchun oʻziga xos farq va xususiyatlar mavjud.

Oʻzbek ayollarining milliy liboslari.

O’zbek milliy libosiga ayollar uchun-zar chopon, doppi va atlas erkaklar uchun-do’ppi, chopon, belbog’ va yaxtak kiradi. O’zbek milliy libosi jahonda o’z o’rniga ega. Masalan dunyoning turli joylaridan kelgan mexmonlar O’zbekistoni milliy libosi va madaniyatiga katta baxo berishyapti. O’zbek milliy libosi va madaniyati o’zgacha jozibadordir. Milliy libosimiz Sovet ittifoqi davrida kasitilgan bo’lsada mustaqillikdan so’ng libosimizga e’tibor kuchaydi va yuksaldi. Hozirda o’zbek tikuvchilari chet mamlakatlarga borib ularga o’zbek libosini o’ziga hos jihatlarini namoyon qilishmoqda. O’zbekistonga maxmon bo’lib kelgan sayohatchilar vatanimizni tarixiy obidalarini, memorchilik san’atini, milliy urf-odatlarimizni va katta qiziqish bilan e’tibor beradilar. Ular mustaqillik bayramini, navro’zni, hosil bayramini va o’zbekona to’ylarni guvohi bo’ladilar. Estalik sifatida atlas, do’ppi, belbog’, chopon va boshqa memorchilik uslubida yasalgan estalik sovg’alarini olib ketadilar.

Do’ppi-O’zbekistonda keng tarqalgan yengil bosh kiyim. Do’ppi asosan baxmal,ipak,zar bilan tikiladi. O’zbekiston Chust, Toshkent ,Samarqad,Buxoro,Boysun,Shahrisabz do’ppilari mashxur.Ayniqsa, Chust do’ppilari keng tarqalgan bo’lib, O’zbekistoning deyarli hamma viloyatlarida tayyorlanadi.

Chust do’ppisining tepasi kvadrat shakilda bo’rtib chiqadi,boshqalarning tepasi yarim shar shaklida bo’ladi.do’pi tikuvchi chevar «do’ppido’z», do’ppi tikish kasbi esa «doppido’zlik»deb ataladi.

Atlas O’zbekistonda keng tarqalgan ayollar libosidir.bu libos ipakdan tayyorlanadi. O’zbekistonda ipakchilik rivojlanganligi uchun atlas deyarli hamma viloyatlarda kiyiladi. Atlas qadimiy va milliy liboslardan biridir. Bu libosga har xil shakllar berib bezashadi. Bu esa o’zbek ayollarini yanada jozibali qiladi. O’zbekistonda eng mashxur atlas Marg’ilon shaxrida to’qiladi.

Zar chopon o’zbek ayollarini qishda sovuqdan saqlovchi, yozda issiqdan saqlovchi kiyimdir. Bu chopon asosan baxmal, ipak, zar bilan tikiladi. Chopon o’zbek xalqini qadimiy liboslaridan biridir. Bu o’zbek ayollari uchun go’zallik ifodasidir. Bu chopon O’zbekistonning deyarli barcha joylarida kiyiladi.

Hozirgi o‘zbek sarpolari zamonaviy tipda bo’lib, ayniqsa yevropacha kiyim-kеchaklarning kirib kеlishi bilan tavsiflanadi. Milliy kiyimlar ko’proq qishloqda, alohida ayollar sarposida ancha muntazam saqlangan. Shahar aholisining ko’pchiligi yevropacha kiyinadi.
An’anaviy o‘zbek kiyim-kеchagi asosan ustki ko’ylak, chopondan, boshga do’ppi, oyoqda kalish-maхsi va etikdan iborat bo’lgan.Erkak-ayol va katta-kichiklar kiyimlari bichimining dеyarli bir xilligi ularning qadimiyligidan darak bеradi. Bunday liboslar oddiy usulda, ba’zan qaychisiz va ulgusiz yaxlit matodan yirtib tikilgan. Bir parcha gazlamani ikkiga buklab yеlka tomonga ko’ndalangiga ikki yеng bilan bir parcha to’rtburchak xishtak tikib ko’ylak qilishgan.

1.History of Uzbek national clothes.

The clothes of the peoples of Central Asia have a centuries-old history. Although each people and ethnic groups have their own unique headgear and footwear, the presence of common characteristics of ethnic groups living in the region, their historical destiny and culture indicates that they have been close to each other for a long time. Ancient large wall paintings, images printed on various objects, and book miniatures from the Middle Ages, found in archaeological excavations, provide rich information about the clothes of our ancestors in the past. The wall paintings of the early Middle Ages depict the clothes of our ancestors who lived in that period, their different shapes, local characteristics and types of fabrics of this period. In this regard, it is worth noting the mural paintings in Afrosiyab, Panjikent, Varakhsha, Bolaliktepa, Kholchayan and other monuments. For example, in the photos found during the excavations on the hill of childhood, it was found that the men were wearing a yak.
The word “yaktak” is known in written sources since the 12th-13th centuries. For example, in “Muqaddimatul-adab” the words “yaktoyi, yaktayi kiyidi” are found. It is known from wall paintings and archeological materials that in the early Middle Ages, dark-skinned men of Takharistan wore silk, and poor people wore white-gray turbans. This information is confirmed by direct written sources. For example, the famous Chinese traveler Xuanzhan writes that the poor inhabitants of Tokharistan wore cotton cloth, and a few representatives of the wealthy class wore clothes made of woolen cloth.
It makes it possible to observe the presence of features rooted in deep historical tradition in the current clothing of the peoples of Uzbekistan. A number of samples of the oldest and early medieval clothes, mainly men’s women’s and children’s headdresses, were found in the Munchogtepa monument of the Fergana valley. In addition, in the works of Alisher Navoi, the founder of Uzbek classic literature, the meaning of “slipper” is emphasized.
In the study of Uzbek national clothes, the works of miniature art created by painters belonging to the schools of Herat and Bukhara in the 15th-19th centuries are a very valuable source. there are many dresses that have the right to be called Uzbek national dress regardless of the way they are made. There are even more than a hundred types of caps, which are one of our national headdresses. Clothes that reflect the national characteristics of the Uzbek people, created in ancient times and used today, are inextricably linked with their culture and history. Each region has its own differences and characteristics.

2.National costumes of Uzbek women.

The Uzbek national costume includes a hat, cloak, belt and jacket for men. The Uzbek national dress has its place in the world. For example, guests from different parts of the world pay great attention to the national dress and culture of Uzbekistan. Uzbek national dress and culture are very attractive. Although our national dress was reduced during the Soviet Union period, attention to our dress increased and improved after independence. Currently, Uzbek tailors go to foreign countries and show them the unique aspects of Uzbek clothing. Tourists who come to Uzbekistan pay attention to the historical monuments of our homeland, the art of memory-making, national traditions with great interest. They will witness Independence Day, Nowruz, Harvest Festival and Uzbek weddings. As souvenirs, they take satin, hats, belts, cloaks and other souvenirs.
Doppi is a light headgear common in Uzbekistan. The hat is mainly made of velvet, silk, and zar. Chust, Tashkent, Samarkand, Bukhara, Boysun, Shahrisabz hats are famous in Uzbekistan. Especially, Chust hats are widely distributed and made in almost all regions of Uzbekistan.The top of Chust’s cap bulges out in a square shape, while the top of the others has a hemispherical shape.
Atlas is a common women’s dress in Uzbekistan. This dress is made of silk. Due to the development of silk production in Uzbekistan, satin is worn in almost all regions. Atlas is one of the ancient and national costumes. They decorate this dress by giving it different shapes. This makes Uzbek women more attractive. The most famous satin in Uzbekistan is woven in the city of Margilan.
Zar chapon is a clothing that protects Uzbek women from cold in winter and heat in summer. This cloak is mainly made with velvet, silk, and dar. Chapon is one of the ancient costumes of the Uzbek people. This is an expression of beauty for Uzbek women. This cloak is worn almost everywhere in Uzbekistan.
Today’s Uzbek sarpo is of a modern type, characterized by the introduction of European clothes. National clothes were more regularly kept in the village, in separate women’s sarpo. Most of the city’s residents dress in European style.
Traditional Uzbek clothes mainly consisted of an upper shirt, a cloak, a hat on the head, kalish-maxi on the feet and boots. The almost identical design of men’s and women’s and children’s clothes indicates their antiquity. Such dresses are sewn in a simple way, sometimes without scissors and without sewing. They made a dress by folding a piece of gauze in half and sewing two sleeves crosswise to a shoulder.

Do’stlaringiz bilan baham:

Ma’lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©fayllar.org 2023
ma’muriyatiga murojaat qiling

Yaktak sport kiyimiga doir yangi davlat standarti qabul qilindi

“Kurash milliy sport turini rivojlantirish va uning xalqaro nufuzini yana-da oshirish chora-tadbirlari to‘g‘risida”gi Prezident qarorida o‘zbek kurashi brendini yaratish, jumladan investitsiyalarni jalb etgan holda yaktak sport kiyimlarini ishlab chiqarish vazifasi yuklatilgan edi.

Ushbu topshiriq ijrosini taʼminlash maqsadida O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Investitsiyalar va tashqi savdo vazirligi huzuridagi O‘zbekiston texnik jihatdan tartibga solish agentligi bosh direktorining 2022-yil 2-martdagi buyrug‘iga binoan O‘zDSt 3600:2022 “Yaktak sport kiyimi. Texnikaviy shartlar” davlat standarti tasdiqlandi.

Mazkur davlat standarti milliy sportimiz kurash uchun mo‘ljallangan, to‘qimachilik materiallaridan tayyorlangan yaktak sport kiyimini ishlab chiqarishga doir talablarni belgilaydi.

Davlat standartining barcha talablari majburiy hisoblanadi va sertifikatlashtirish uchun yaroqlidir. Shuningdek, davlat standartida yaktak sport kiyimiga doir texnik va xavfsizlik talablari ham belgilangan.

Bu video ko’rinishi uchun sizning brauzeringiz JavaScript’ni qo’llab quvvatlashi kerak

YAKTAK

YAKTAK — yozgi, yengil kiyim; erkaklar ko’ylagi. Oldi ochiq, uzun, yengli hamda tik yoqali. Yaktak to’g’ri bichimli, kalta (uzunligi asosan tizzagacha) va yalang qavat bo’lishi bilan yao’idan farq qiladi; asosan oq (bo’z) surp, shuningdek yo’l-yo’l matolardan tikiladi. Yaktak orqaoldi yelkadan oshirib tashlangan yaxlit matodan tashkil topgan, uning ikki yoniga yonlar, yenglar tana qismiga to’g’ri ulanib, yeng va yonlar orasiga qulpak solingan. Uzun, yensiz bir necha qavat tasmasimon bo’lakdan iborat bo’lgan hamda uzunasiga bir necha qator choklar solib qotirilgan yoqa yoqa o’yig’iga ulangan. Orqa tomoni tik, oldi ko’krakkacha tekis tushib turadi. Yaktak bag’rini birlashtirish uchun yoqaning pastki qismiga bog’ichlar tikiladi yoki izma qilib tugma qadaladi. Hozirda Toshkent, Farg’ona vodiysi va boshqalarda to’g’ri bichimli Yaktak bilan birga yangi Bichiqda tikiladiganlari ham keng tarqalgan. 12-13-asrlardan yozma manbalarda Yaktak haqida ma’lumotlar bor, 5-6-asrlarga oid devoriy rasmlar hamda miniatyuralarda Yaktak tasviri uchraydi.