7-sinf Ingliz tili fanidan test savollari

14. I am not reading a book now. ………. .

Ingliz tili bir soatlik dars ishlanma

O‘ZBEKISTON RESPUBLIKASI XALQ TA’LIMI VAZIRLIGI NAMANGAN VILOYATI XALQ TA’LIMI BOSHQARMASI HAMANGAN TUMANI XALQ TA’LIMI BO‘LIMI TASARRUFIDAGI 3-UMUMTA’LIM MAKTABI INGLIZ TILI FANI O‘QITUVCHISI HASANOV DOVUDBEKNING 5-SINFDA UNIT 5 I like English. Do you? LESSON 2 WHAT TIME IS IT? MAVZUSIDAGI DARS ISHLANMASI

DATE: ______________ Grade: 5 D Theme:Unit 5. I like English. Do you? Lesson 2. What time is it? Aims: Educational: to learn to ask and tell the time to learn to use prepositions with times Developing: to enable pupils to ask and tell the time. Socio cultural: to raise awareness to ask and answer the time. Learning outcome: At the end of the lesson pupils will be able to ask the time, tell the time and use time prepositions. Vocabulary and structure: past, to, quarter, half, when, minute, break, o’clock Required equipment : pupils book, multimedia, projector, handouts, tables, pictures of clocks, flashcards, color pencils

The beginning of the lesson:

• 1. Organizational moment.
• Time: 3 minutes
• Greeting

The teacher greets with pupils:

• Good morning, teacher!
• Good morning, dear pupils!
• Т: Good morning. How are you?
• Well, I’m glad to see you. What day is it today?
• P. Today is…
• Thank you. You may sit down. I am very glad to see you again.

Making English atmosphere (speaking)

• Teacher: We have 2 duties. Who are on duty today?
• (two duties stand up)
• Teacher: Please, give me a report!
• (Duties give daily report. It is based on the date, weather, news, absence)

Procedure of the lesson:

• Warming up
• Objective:
• Warming up
• Time: 14 minutes
• Interaction: pair work
• Procedure:
• Sing the song.
• STEP 1: Play the DVD. Ask the pupils to listen to the song and sing it.

The pilot flies a plane to sky

He flies to different countries.

He flies to different countries.

The nurse works at the hospital.

She looks after sick people.

She looks after sick people.

The pupil is at school all day.

And he learns maths and nature.

And he learns maths and nature.

STEP 2: Ask the pupils to swap their exercise books in pairs. Ask them to check each other’s homework. Then you can check the homework involving the whole class. In order to recall the previous lesson let’s play snowball. I will throw snowball to one of you and the pupil who will have received should say a school subject with “I like…” Who wants to be the first?

Explanation the theme (10 minutes):

I’m going to explain the new theme. Listen carefully! In order to tell the time we need to know several words and word expressions. In English when we say about time we use “ It is” at the beginning of the sentence. For example:

It is 9 o’clock (9:00) It’s half past 10 (10:30) It’s quarter to 12 (11:45)

Differently in English, first of all we should say the minute of the time and then the o’clock. For instance:

It’s 20 minutes past 11 (11:20)

It’s 25 (minutes) past 3 (3:25)

Look at the picture. There you can see words which are necessary to speak about the time. Do you know them? Let’s translate them. When we speak how many minutes does the minute arrow after the beginning of the hour till it’s half, we use preposition past, when we speak how many minutes are left till it’s end we use the preposition to. To tell the time in the first part of the day from midnight till midday, we use A.M. (in the morning), to tell the time in the second part of the day from midday till midnight, we use P.M. (in the evening).

Consolidation part: Objective: to raise awareness to tell the time Time: 3 minutes – It’s your turn pupils. Please, show me your understandings. (Pupils come to the blackboard and show their clocks and say the times) Activity 4b . Look and write. Objective: to practise telling the time Time: 5 minutes The pupils look at the clocks and write the time. After having finished listening they can check their work themselves. Then PP repeat the times after the DVD.

Extra activity. Work in groups. Match the clocks with the written times. Objectives : to develop pupil’s speaking skills Time: 5 minutes Materials: handouts , pieces of paper Interaction: group work Procedure: Read, match the clocks with the written times Explain the pupils when they finish they should stick it on the board.

At the end of the lesson Assessment: Time: 3 minutes Assess the pupils according to their participation. Explain the given marks. Homework: Time: 2 minute Ask pupils to open their class books to Page 58. Explain what to do in Activity 1a,1b,1c. They should deal with the clocks and times. Thank you for your participation, especially pupils who were active during the lesson. The lesson is over. See you next lesson. Good bye!

7-sinf Ingliz tili fanidan test savollari

Bilimlar bellashuvi 2012 uchun tuzilgan test savollari.

1. I have lost my key again. I … things. I lose things too often.

A) was always losing

B) am always losing

C) have always lost

2. He was found guilty … robbing the bank

3. I`ve got too little time and my … care will be to find … way to the village because the school I`m going to is at … end.

A) near, next, farther

B) nearest, nearest, furthest

C) next, the nearest, the fartherest

D) next, next, further

4. We went out for … meal last night … restaurant we went to was … excellent place.

A) a, the, an C) a, a, a

B) the , a, an D) the, the, the

3. Our jobs are different but her salary is… as mine.

A) similar C) like

B) alike D) the same

5. Water … at 100 degrees.

A) boils с) will boil

B) is boiling D) will have been boiling

6 The weather … hotter and hotter.

A) gets C) is getting

B) has been getting D) get

7. The first modern Olympics … in Athens more than a hundred years ago.

A) were taking place C) have taken

B) took D) had taken

8. We … 20 new buildings this year.

A) built C) had built

B) were building D) have built

9. … always … if the service is bad in restaurants.

A) -, complain C) will be complaining

B) am complaining D) will complain

10. I … to the news on television at nine o’clock last

A) was listening C) have been listening

B) listened D) had been listening

11. — How long … you … ?

A) have been driving C) did drive

B) have driven D) do drive

12. She … always … in Moscow.

A) —, lives C) has been living

B) has lived D) has live

13. How long … you … Kate?

A) did know C) have known

B) have been knowing D) do known

14. I am not reading a book now. ………. .

A) Neither am I C) Neither do I

B) So do I D) I am not

15. The teacher ______ a report on the Civil War.

A) told to Jane to make C) told Jane make

B) tell to Jane to make D) told Jane to make

16. Jane … worry about her health.

A) ask to me not to C) asked me not to

B) asked to not D) asked not

17. I found it difficult to answer him. I was … to able to think clearly.

A) enough confused C) very confusing

B) confusing too D) too confused

18. I intend to buy this book ….

A) so do I C) so am I

B) So will I D) so did I

19) The name Julius Caesar gave to Great Britain .

20) Where does the ceremony of the Keys take place ?

21. What is the national musical instrument of Scotland?

22. Queen Elizabeth II succeeded … the throne in 1952.

23. He treats Jane as if she … a child

24. All of us paid attention … this interesting fact

25. It depends…..the topic

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
d	a	c	a	a	c	b	d	a
10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
b	a	a	c	a	d	c	d	a

20. ( In the Tower of London)

BOSHLANG‘ICH SINF O‘QUVCHILARI LUG‘ATINI FAOLLASHTIRISH USULLARI

Maqolada boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilariga so‘z ma’nosini tushuntirish va boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilari lug‘atini faollashtirish usullari bayon qilingan. В данной статье излагается методика обяснения значений слов учащимся начальных классов и пути активизации словарья младших школьников.

Boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilari nutqini rivojlantirishning asosiy yo‘nalish-laridan biri so‘z ustida ishlash, ya’ni lug‘at ishidir. Ona tili va o‘qish darslarida bajariladigan lug‘at ishi o‘quvchining so‘z boyligini oshirishda muhim ahamiyat-ga ega. M. R. Lvovning ma’lumot berishicha, IV sinfgacha boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilari o‘zlashtiradigan yangi so‘zlarning yarmi o‘quvchilar lug‘atiga ana shu darslar orqali kiradi. “Lug‘at ishi ‒ o‘qituvchi faoliyatidagi bir lavha emas, balki rus tili kursining barcha bo‘limi bilan bog‘langan tizimli, yaxshi tashkillashtiril-gan, pedagogik jihatdan maqsadga muvofiq tuzilgan ishdir” ‒ deb yozgan edi taniqli metodikachi olim A. V. Tekuchev [9].

Lug‘at ishi bosqichlarini quyidagicha ifodalash mumkin: 1) so‘z ma’nosini tushuntirish, 2) so‘zni faollshtirish, 3) so‘zni nutqda qo‘llash.

O‘quvchilar lug‘atini faollashtirish ‒ ona tili va o‘qish darslarida bajariladigan lug‘at ishining eng muhim yo‘nalishlaridan biridir. Shuning uchun o‘qituvchining vazifasi ‒ o‘quvchi lug‘atidagi nofaol so‘zlarni faol lug‘at zaxirasiga o‘tkazish uchun o‘quvchiga nofaol so‘zlarning birikuvchanligi va qo‘llanish sohasini o‘zlashtishga yordam berishdan iborat. O‘quvchi biror so‘zni o‘z qayta hikoya-lashi, hikoyasi, suhbati, xati, bayoni, inshosida atigi bir marta qo‘llasa ham, bu so‘z faollashgan hisoblanadi. So‘zni o‘zlashtirish uning ma’nosi, birikuvchaligi va qo‘llanish doirasini bilishdan iborat.

O‘quvchiga yangi so‘z ma’nosini tushuntirish, uning so‘zni to‘g‘ri tushunishiga erishish zarur. Buning uchun esa o‘qituvchi so‘z ma’nosini tushuntirish usullarini bilishi va ulardan o‘rinli foydalanishi lozim. M. R. Lvov so‘z ma’nosini tushuntirishning quyidagi usullarini ajratadi: ko‘rgazmali, kontekstual, sinonim keltirish, mantiqiy ta’rif berish, batafsil tavsiflash, antonim keltirish, so‘zning yasalish tarkibini tahlil qilish [7, 17‒24].

“Ona tili” va “O‘qish kitobi” darsliklarida o‘quvchilar uchun tushunarsiz va ularning nutqida nofaol bo‘lgan bir qancha so‘zlar uchraydi. O‘quvchilar lug‘atini faollashtirishda asosan ana shu so‘zlar ustida ishlash zarur.

O‘quvchilar lug‘atini faollashtirish quyidagi asosiy bosqichlardan iborat:

1.So‘z ma’nosini bir yoki bir necha usul yordamida tushuntirish:

a) kontekst yordamida;

b) shu so‘zning ma’nodoshi yordamida;

d) shu so‘zning antonimi yordamida;

e) tavsifiy yo‘l bilan (lug‘atdan foydalanib yoki o‘qituvchning o‘zi mustaqil ravishda).

2.So‘zni o‘qish va yozish (so‘zning to‘g‘ri talaffuzi va imlosi ustida ishlash).

3.So‘zning qo‘llanish namunalari ustida ishlash (tayyor so‘z birikmasi va gaplar ustida ishlash).

O‘qituvchi o‘quvchilarni o‘rganilayotgan so‘zlar qo‘llangan tayyor so‘z birikmalari va gaplar bilan tanishtiradi.Ularning ayrimini aytib turib yozdirish mumkin.

4.So‘zning semantik aloqalari ustida ishlash.

O‘quvchilarni so‘zlarning paradigmatik aloqalarni ajratish va o‘zlashtirishga o‘rgatuvchi mashqlar ular lug‘atining boyishiga yordam beradi. Bunday mashqlar kerakli so‘zni tanlash, jumla mazmunini aniq yetkazish, so‘zning ma’no qirralarini tushunish qobiliyatini shakllantiradi.

5. O‘rganilayotgan so‘zlar ishtirokida mustaqil ravishda so‘z birikmasi va gap tuzdirish.

Boshlang‘ich sinf ona tili va o‘qish kitobida uchraydigan o‘quvcilar uchun tushunarsiz so‘zlar mazmuniy xususiyatiga ko‘ra turlichadir. Shuning uchun bu so‘zlarning ma’nosini tushuntirishda ularning xususiyatiga mos ravishda eng samarali usulni tanlash lozim. Bu o‘rinda bir necha darslikdagi so‘zlar misolida so‘z ma’nosini tushuntirishning samarali usulini tanlash haqidagi fikrlarimizni bayon qilamiz.

Boshlang‘ich sinf “Ona tili” va “O‘qish kitobi” darsliklarida o‘quvchilarga ma’nosi tushunarsiz bo‘lgan so‘zlar ancha uchraydi. Ularning ma’nosini yuqorida ko‘rsatilgan va boshqa usullar bilan tushuntirish mumkin.

1. Darsliklarda uchraydigan quyidagi so‘zlarning ma’nosini rasmini ko‘rsatish yo‘li bilan tushuntirish mumkin: yalpiz, isiriq, kiyiko‘ti, ermon (1,6), kashta (1,7), garmdori, qal’a, fabrika, raketa (1,17), chang‘i (1,19), qur’on (1,19), so‘na (1,19), so‘gal (1,19), sa’va (1,19), to‘ng‘iz (1,19), turna, sholi (1,21), sharshara (1,21), charos(1,22), shabnam (1,22) gumbaz (1,22), marvaridgul (1,77), soda (1,29), sa’va (1,29), olxo‘ri (1,31), husayni (1,38), chang‘i (1,41), konki (1,41), paroxod (1,42), qayin (1,43), zarg‘aldoq (1,46), do‘lana (1,51), tola (1,67), parovoz, teplovoz, elektrovoz, vagon (1,71), tog‘olcha (1,77), metro (1,78), kamalak (1,79), tuman (1,79), mosh (1,80), binafsha (1,80), chuchmoma (1,80), gulsapsar (1,80), norin (1,80), shilpildiq (1,80), qarag‘ay (1,85) karvon (1,87), zangori (1,90), feruza (1,96), pe-shayvon (1,109), na’matak (1,177), qirg‘iy (1,178), olcha (1,137), saroy (6,7), piyma (6, 11), tunuka (6, 12), po‘stin (6, 14), soy (6,16), arpa (6,16), chuchmoma, yalpiz, jag‘jag‘, ismaloq (6,43), turna (6,44), ko‘za (6, 54), pona (6, 60), chinor (6,102), xarita (3,10), minora (3, 13), chayla (3, 22), umrboqi, ko‘kalapish, doniyor ( 3,22), taqa (3,75), tivit, tovus, beqasam (3,90).

Ko‘rinib turibdiki, bu so‘zlar aniq, ya’ni ko‘z bilan ko‘riladigan narsalarning nomini bildiradi. Ot va sifat turkumiga mansub so‘zlarning ma’nosini tushun-tirganda narsa tasvirlangan suratni, fe’l turkumiga oid so‘zlarni tushun-tirganda esa sujetli suratni ko‘rsatish lozim.

2. Quyidagi so‘zlarning ma’nosini ularga sinonim keltirish orqali tushun-tirish mumkin. Istiqlol – mustaqillik, nurafshon – yorug‘, muborakbod etmoq – tabriklamoq, samo – osmon, ko‘k, gulshan – gulzor, sabo – shabada, munosabat – bog‘lanish, dorivor – shifobaxsh, yaproq – barg, hadya etmoq – bermoq, sovg‘a qilmoq, tub – tag, ahil – inoq, huvullamoq – bo‘shamoq, javon – shkaf, dastyor – yordamchi, alloma – olimlar, muhlat – vaqt, darg‘azab bo‘lish – g‘azablanish, shu’la – nur, ehtirom – hurmat, badavlat – boy, tazyiq – zug‘um, an’ana – odat, ta’na – dashnom, ta’ziya – aza, ma’lumot – xabar, ma’yuslanmoq – xafa bo‘lmoq, chashma – buloq, choq – payt, arg‘imchoq – ip, darz – yoriq, ranj – qiyinchilik, ganj – boylik, xazina, sust – sekin, bol – asal, tabassum – kulgi, muddat – vaqt, tasalli – yupanch, musaffo – sof, toza, mutolaa – o‘qish, do‘kon – magazin, zoriqmoq – muhtoj bo‘lmoq, noyob – topilmas, undirmoq – o‘stirmoq, mamnun – xursand, gavjum – to‘la, surkash – surtish, ohista – sekin, et – go‘sht, daromad – kirim, xontaxta – stol, xazonrezgilik – barglarning to‘kilishi, ezgulik – yaxshilik, boldoq – zirak, najot – yordam, mo‘‘tadil – o‘rtacha, sarvqomat – tik, chanqagan – suvsiragan, so‘yla – gapir, so‘zla, toblanmoq – chiniqmoq, gazlama – mato, yo‘ldosh – hamroh, choyshab – ko‘rpa, silliq – tekis, intizom – tartib, olam – dunyo, mug‘ombir – ayyor, chaqa – tanga, parranda – qush, istirohat – dam olish, nishon – mo‘ljal, tebranmoq – qimirlamoq, husn – chiroy, sohil – qirg‘oq, pardoz – bezak, chaman – gulzor, parvarish qilmoq – boqmoq, olishmoq – kurashmoq, urishmoq, jajji – kichkina, mitti, mador – quvvat, g‘ubor – chang, dog‘, jussa – gavda, o‘git – nasihat, yumush – ish, jamlamoq – to‘plamoq, lazzat – rohat, jasorat – jasurlik, ulug‘ – buyuk, tortig‘ qilmoq, sovg‘a qilmoq, suyukli – sevimli, boqmoq – qaramoq, maftun bo‘lmoq – mahliyo bo‘lmoq, beg‘ubor – toza, sof, ko‘lanka – soya, ensiz – qisqa, enli – keng, g‘alati – qiziq, hushyor – sezgir, ziyrak, sayyoh – sayohatchi, turist, ilk – birinchi, tashna – suvsiz, chanqoq, hangu-mang – hayron, bezovta – notinch, maysa – o‘t.

Bu usulni qo‘llaganda o‘qituvchi shuni nazarda tutishi kerakki, so‘zlarni sinonim orqali tushuntirish o‘quvchilar har bir izohlovchi sinonimning ma’nosini yaxshi tushungandagina maqsadga yetadi. Shuning uchun so‘zning ma’nosini tushuntirish uchun keltiraligan sinonim sifatida faqatgina bolalar yaxshi tushunadigan umumiste’mol so‘zlarni tanlash kerak.

3. Darsliklardagi o‘ta umumiy, keng tushunchani bildiruvchi so‘zlarning ma’nosini ular nomlaydigan narsalarni sanab keltirish orqali tushuntirish mumkin.

Hasharot bu – qurt, chumoli, ari, qo‘ng‘iz, o‘rgimchak.

Meva – olma, nok, anjir, o‘rik, shaftoli.

Matn – hikoya, she’r, ertak.

Poliz – qovun, tarvuz, handalak.

Ajdod – ota, bobo, buvi, bobokalon.

Avlod – farzand, nevara, evara, chevara.

Texnika – traktor, mashina, kombayn, televizor, dazmol.

4. Darslikdagi ko‘pgina so‘zlarning ma’nosini ularning tarkibiy qismlari – morfemalar orqali aniqlash mumkin. Shu narsa ma’lumki, kattalar ham, o‘quvchilar ham noma’lum so‘zni bo‘lish va ma’lum bo‘lgan o‘zakdosh so‘z bilan mazmuniy aloqa o‘rnatish asosida ochishga harakat qiladi. 3-sinf darsligida quyidagi so‘zlarni so‘z yasalish tarkibi – o‘zak va yasovchi qo‘shimcha orqali tushuntirish mumkin.

Oromgoh – orom – o‘zak, -goh – so‘z yasovchi qo‘shimcha, joy degan ma’noni anglatadi. Demak, bu so‘z orom, dam oladigan joy ma’nosini bildiradi. Xabardor – xabar – o‘zak, -dor – so‘z yasovchi qo‘shimcha, egalik ma’nosini bildiradi. Demak, bu so‘z xabari bor degan ma’noni bildiradi, qalamkash – qalam – o‘zak, kash – so‘z yasovchi qo‘shimcha, tortmoq, chizmoq degan ma’noni bildiradi. Demak, bu so‘z qalam bilan ishlovchi kishini, ya’ni shoir, yozuvchilarni bildiradi. Ma’rifatparvar – ma’rifat – o‘zak, parvar – so‘z yasovchi qo‘shimcha, otdan anglashilgan narsani tarbiyalash, shunga yaxshi munosabat kabi ma’nolarini bildiradi. Demak, bu so‘z ma’rifatni sezuvchi, unga intiluvchi degan ma’noni bildiradi. Da’vogar – da’vo – o‘zak, gar – so‘z yasovchi qo‘shimcha, otdan ishlab chiqaruvchi kasb yoki faoliyat egasini bildiruvchi shaxs oti yasaladi. Demak, bu so‘z da’vo qiluvchi degan ma’noni bildiradi. Ta’sirchan – ta’sir – o‘zak, chan – so‘z yasovchi qo‘shimcha, egalik, ortiqlik ma’nosini bildiradi. Demak, bu so‘z ta’siri bor, kuchli yoki ta’sirga tez uchraydigan degan ma’noni bildiradi. Ma’murchilik – ma’mur – o‘zak, -chilik – so‘z yasovchi qo‘shimcha. Bu so‘zning ma’nosini bilish uchun o‘zakning ma’nosini bilish kerak. Ma’mur so‘zi o‘zbek tilining izohli lug‘atida obod, farovon, to‘kin deb izohlangan. Demak, ma’murchilik so‘zi to‘kinchilik ma’nosini bildiradi. Childirimkash – childirma – o‘zak, -kash – so‘z yasovchi qo‘shimcha, kasb-hunar egasi bo‘lgan shaxs oti yasaydi. Demak, bu so‘z childirma chaluvchi degan ma’nonini bildiradi.

Gulchambar – guldan qilingan chambarak.

Sharsimon – shar – o‘zak, -simon – so‘z yasovchi qo‘shimcha, o‘xshash degan ma’noni bildiradi. Demak, bu so‘z sharga o‘xshash degan ma’noni bildiradi.

O‘quvchilarga so‘z yasovchi qo‘shimchaning ma’nosi bir marta tushuntirilsa, shu qo‘shimcha qo‘llangan boshqa so‘zlarning ma’nosini ularning o‘zi aniqlayveradi.

Serqatnov – qatnov – o‘zak, ser – so‘z yasovchi qo‘shimcha, ko‘p degan ma’noni bildiradi. Demak, bu so‘zning ma’nosi qatnoy ko‘p degani.

Serhikmat – hikmati ko‘p, hikmatga boy.

Sohibkor – sohib – o‘zak, -kor – so‘z yasovchi qo‘shimcha, kasb egasi mutaxassislik, mashg‘ulot bilan bog‘liq bo‘lgan shaxs oti yasaydi. Bu so‘z o‘z kasbining ustasi degan ma’noni bildiradi.

Badfe’l – fe’l – o‘zak, bad – so‘z yasovchi qo‘shimcha, yomon degan ma’noni bildiradi. Demak, bu so‘z fe’li yomon degan ma’noni anglatadi.

G‘o‘zapoya – g‘o‘za – o‘zak, poya – so‘z yasovchi qo‘shimcha. Bu so‘z g‘o‘zaning poyasi degan ma’noni bildiradi. Jangovor – jang – o‘zak, ovor – so‘z yasovchi qo‘shimcha. Bu so‘z kurashchan, faol degan ma’noni bildiradi. Mashinasoz – mashina – o‘zak, soz – so‘z yasovchi qo‘shimcha, tuzatuvchi degan ma’noni bildiradi. Demak, bu so‘z mashina tuzatuvchi degan ma’noni bildiradi.

Hazilkash – hazil – o‘zak, kash – so‘z yasovchi qo‘shimcha, qiluvchi degan ma’noni bildiradi. Demak, bu so‘z hazil qiluvchi degan ma’noni bildiradi.

5. Darsliklardagi sinonimi mavjud bo‘lmagan quyidagi so‘zlar ma’nosini o‘quvchilarga tasviriy yo‘l bilan tushuntirish mumkin.

Anjuman – keng ko‘lamli, katta yig‘ilish.

Fuqaro – biror mamlakatning doimiy aholisi.

Ma’vo – turar joy.

Tazyiq – kuch bilan, zo‘rlab o‘tkazilgan ta’sir, siquv.

An’ana – avloddan-avlodga o‘tib boradigan urf-odat.

Ma’rifat – tabiat, jamiyat va inson haqidagi chuqur hamda ezgulikka yo‘naltirilgan bilim.

Qur’on – musulmonlarning Olloh tomonidan Muhammad payg‘ambarga vahiy qilingan (tushirilgan) muqaddas kitobi.

Qit’a – yerning dengiz va okeanlar bilan qurshalgan oltita alohida qismidan har biri.

So‘gal – badanga ko‘pincha qo‘l yoki oyoqda bo‘ladigan qattiq yumaloq o‘simta.

Mo‘jiza – odatdan tashqari kishini hayron qoldiruvchi hodisa yoki ish, narsa.

So‘na – urg‘ochisi hayvonlarning qonini so‘radigan, erkagi o‘t bilan ovqatlanadigan yirik pashsha.

6. Mavhum tushunchani bildiruvchi so‘zlar ma’nosini obrazlar yordamida tushuntirish mumkin. (Bu haqda batafsil qarang: [8].) Bir-ikkita misol keltiramiz.

Adolat so‘zini obrazli ravishda quyidagicha tushuntirish mumkin: «O‘quvchilar, adolat bu odamlarga bir xilda munosabatda bo‘lishdir. Adolat taroziga o‘xshaydi. (O‘qituvchi tarozining rasmini ko‘rsatadi.) Tarozining ikkala pallasiga bir xil yuk qo‘yilsa, uning ikki pallasi teng bo‘ladi. Bir pallasiga og‘irroq yuk qo‘yilsa, tarozining bir pallasi baland, bir pallasi past bo‘ladi. endi hayotdan misol keltiraman. Masalan, bir otaning 2 o‘g‘li bor. Ota bozordan 4 ta olma olib keldi. Ikkala o‘g‘ilga 2 tadan olma bersa, bu adolatdan bo‘ladi. Bir o‘g‘liga bitta, ikkinchi o‘g‘liga uchta olma bersa, bu adolatsizlik bo‘ladi».

Jur’at so‘zini obrazli tarzda quyidagicha tushuntirish mumkin: « O‘ qu v chilar, jur’at – bu xavf-xatar, qiyinchiliklardan hayiqmay qilingan ish. Hayotda ko‘p holda kishiga jur’at kerak bo‘ladi. Masalan, tishingiz og‘rib qolsa, tish shifokoriga borishingiz uchun jur’at kerak. Yoki matematikadan sizga qiyin misol berilgan bo‘lsa, uni yechish uchun ham jur’at kerak. Jur’atni, o‘quvchilar, jarlik ustidan sakrab o‘tayotgan otga o‘xshatish mumkin. Chunki jarlik ustidan sakrab o‘tish uchun katta jur’at, jasorat kerak. O‘quvchilar, hayotda qiyinchiliklardan qo‘rqmay, jur’at bilan ish tutsangiz, ko‘zlagan maqsadingizga erishasiz».

So‘z ma’nosini tushuntirish ‒ hali o‘quvchilar lug‘atini boyitishning birinchi bosqichi xolos. So‘z o‘quvchining “o‘z mulki”ga aylanishi, ya’ni faol lug‘atiga kirishi uchun katta ishni amalga oshirish talab qilinadi. Nutq o‘stirish bo‘yicha tajriba shuni ko‘rsatadiki, bu borada shablon va rejasizlikka yo‘l qo‘yib bo‘lmaydi. Har bir dars uchun rejalashtiriladigan so‘z ustidagi izchil, puxta, doimiy ish olib borilishi lozim.

O‘quvchilar uchun tushunarsiz va nofaol so‘zlarni faollashtirishning quyidagi yo‘llari mavjud:

1. Boshlang‘ich sinf “Ona tili” darsliklarida berilgan o‘quvchilar lug‘atini faollashtirishga doir mashqlarni bajartirish.

2. O‘qish darslarida o‘qiganlarini qayta hikoyalash, suhbat, bayon, inshoda yangi va nofaol so‘zlarni qo‘llash.

3. Ona tili va o‘qish darslarida o‘qituvchining o‘zi tomonidan tuzilgan mashq va topshiriqlardan foydalanish.

4. Ona tili darsligidagi mashqlarga qo‘shimcha topshiriqlar ilova qilish.

Biz bu maqolada uchinchi va to‘rtinchi yo‘l haqida so‘z yuritamiz.

Ona tili va o‘qish darslarida o‘quvchilar lug‘atini faollashtirish uchun o‘qituvchining o‘zi tomonidan tuziladigan quyidagi topshiriqlardan foydalanish mumkin:

1. Har bir qatordagi o‘zakdosh so‘zlarni toping.

Qadrli, aziz, qadrdon;

Vafodor, sadoqatli, bevafo;

Mehrli, xushfe’l, mehribon;

Qo‘pol, qo‘rs, qo‘pollik.

O‘zakdosh so‘zlarni ajratib yozing. O‘zagini belgilang. Shu so‘zlardan istagan birini qo‘llab gap tuzing.

2. Sabr, hurmat, e’tibor so‘zlariga o‘zakdosh so‘zlar toping.

Izohli lug‘atdan bu so‘zlarning ma’nosini o‘qing va eslab qoling.

1) Insonni nima uchun hurmat qilish mumkin?

2) Har qanday odam hurmatga loyiqmi?

3. Har bir so‘zning qaysi turkumiga kirishini aniqlang.

Ishonch, ishonmoq, e’tibor, ishonchli, mehmondo‘st, mazax qilmoq, xafa qilmoq, xushfe’l, bag‘ritosh, nafratlanmoq, yaxshi ko‘rmoq, loqayd, hurmat, halol, rost, rostgo‘y, shafqatsiz, insonparvar.

So‘zlarni uch ustunchaga ajratib yozing: ot, sifat, fe’l. Insonning ijobiy xislatlarini ayting. Bag‘ritosh va mehribon so‘zlarining ma’nosini tushuntiring.

4. Berilgan so‘zlarga qarama-qarshi ma’noli so‘zlar topib yozing.

Dono odam ‒ nodon odam ; xushfe’l yigit ‒…; jasur askar ‒…; shirinso‘z bola ‒…; bag‘ritosh odam ‒…; qahrli nigoh ‒…

Foydalanish uchun so‘zlar: badfe’l, mehribon,qo‘rqoq, qo‘pol, mehrli.

5. Berilgan sifatlarning umumiy jihati nimada? Ularning ma’nosida qanday farq bor?

Xushmuomala, shirinso‘z, xushfe’l, nazokatli, odobli, muloyim, kirishimli, dilkash.

6. Lug‘at diktanti.

Birinchi ustunchaga odamlar qanday bo‘lishi kerakligi bildiruvchi, ikkinchi ustunchaga qanday bo‘lmasligi kerakligini bildiruvchi so‘zlarni yozing.

Xushfe’l, qo‘pol, yolg‘inchi, halol, vijdonli, qasoskor, sabrli, shafqatli, to‘g‘ri-so‘z, shafqatsiz.

Shu so‘zlardan uchtasini tanlab gap tuzing.

7.Quyidagi gaplardan to‘g‘ri so‘zining ma’nolarini qiyoslang.

To‘g‘ri odam yolg‘on gapimaydi.Nodirning javobi to‘g‘ri.

Qaysi so‘zlar birinchi gapga, qaysi so‘zlar ikkinchi gapga mos keladi: halol, aniq, insofli, rost.

8.Yumshoq va muloyim so‘zlarini quyida berilgan qaysi otlar bilan bog‘lash mumkin?

Divan, so‘z, odam, mum, kulgi, yostiq, xamir, ko‘rpa, muomala.

9.Qarama-qarshi ma’noli so‘z yozib, ma’nosini izohlang.

shafqatsiz ‒…;

xushmuomala ‒ …;

Boshlang‘ich sinf “Ona tili” darsliklaridagi mashqlarga quyidagi qo‘shimcha topshiriqlarni tavsiya qilamiz:

1. 2-sinf “Ona tili” darsligidagi [4] 25-mashqqa. Inoq, intizom, ilg‘or, ilm, pichan, nihol, koinot so‘zlari ishtirokida so‘z birikmasi tuzing.

Foydalanish uchun so‘zlar: do‘stlar, rioya qilmoq, mamlakat, maktab, o‘rmoq, o‘tqazmoq, cheksiz, olmoq.

Inoq, ilm, nihol, koinot so‘zlariga ma’nodosh so‘zlar toping .

2. 2-sinf “Ona tili” darsligidagi 53-mashqqa. Haykal, hamshira, handalak, hashar, harorat, hoshiya so‘zlari ishtirokida so‘z birikmalari tuzing.

Foydalanish uchun so‘zlar: xushbo‘y, Navoiy, ayol, umumxalq, xona, daftar.

Shu so‘z birikmalaridan uchtasini tanlab gap tuzing.

3. 3-sinf ”Ona tili” darsligidagi [1] 21-mashqqa. Anhor, olxo‘ri, javon, nordon, arqon, poda, beda, sabr so‘zlari ishtirokida so‘z birikmasi tuzing. Foydalanish uchun so‘zlar: katta, kitob, uzun, qora, tezoqar, ko‘m-ko‘k, olma.

Poda so‘zining uyur, gala so‘zlaridan farqini ayting.

4. 3-sinf “Ona tili” darsligidagi 39-mashqqa. An’ana, marifat, e’tirof, ta’na, ta’ziya so‘zlarining ma’nosini lug‘atdan foydalanib izohlang.

Shu so‘zlar ishtirokida so‘z birikmasi tuzing.

An’ana, marifat, ta’na so‘zlariga ma’nodosh so‘zlar toping.

5 . 3-sinf “Ona tili” darsligidagi 40-mashqqa.

Ma’naviyat, ma’rifat, da’vogar, ta’sirchan, ma’murchilik, mas’uliyat, ta’-minot, e’tiqod, ma’yuslanmoq so‘zlarining ma’nosini lug‘atdan foydalanib izohlang. Ta’sirchan, ma’murchilik, ma’suliyat, e’tiqod, ma’yuslanmoq so‘zlariga ma’nodosh so‘zlar toping. Shu so‘zlar ishtirokida bittadan gap tuzing.

Mashqda berilgan mazkur so‘zlar ma’nisini 3-sinf o‘quvchisi bilmaydi. Bu so‘zlar ustida lug­‘at ishi o‘tkazilmasa, ular hatto o‘quvchining nofaol lug‘atiga ham kirmay qoladi.

6. 3-sinf “Ona tili” darsligidagi 42-mashqqa. Lu g‘ atdan foydalanib qur’on, qo‘rg‘on, mo‘jiza, da’vat, so‘na, ma’sul, me’mor, qit’a, so‘gal, sa’va, to‘ng‘iz so‘zlarining ma’nosini izohlang.

Shu so‘zlar ishtirokida so‘z birikmasi tuzing. Foydalanish uchun so‘zlar: mustahkam, tabiat, hushyorlik, shaxs, o‘qimoq, bino, olti, g‘adir-budur, mitti, ovlamoq.

7. 3-sinf ”Ona tili” darsligidagi 310-mashqqa. (Mashqda “Mening onam” mavzusida 5-6 gapdan iborat matn yozing” deb topshiriq berilgan.) Matnda quyidagi so‘z va iboralardan foydalaning: oq yuvib, oq taragan, mehribon, istamoq, ko‘maklashmoq, tortiq qilmoq.

8. 3-sinf ”Ona tili” darsligidagi 326-mashqqa. Kezaman so‘ziga ma’nodosh so‘z toping.

9. 4-sinf “Ona tili” darsligidagi [2] 94-mashqqa.Teatr, radio, manfaat, kakao, mutolaa, chavandoz so‘zlarining ma’nosini lug‘atdan foydalanib izohlang.

Bu so‘zlar ishtirokida so‘z birikmasi tuzing. Foydalanish uchun so‘zlar: aktyor, ko‘rmoq, mohir, ichmoq, kitob, eshitmoq.

10. 4-sinf “Ona tili” darsligidagi 103-mashqqa. Jadval, jayron, jurnal, ijozat, tarjimon so‘zla-rining ma’nosini lug‘atdan foydalanib izohlang.

Shu so‘zlar ishtirokida so‘z birikmasi tuzing. Foydalanish uchun so‘zlar: go‘zal, ko‘paytirish, olmoq, “G‘uncha”, mohir.

Jayron va jiyron so‘zlarining farqini ayting.

Foydalanilgan adabiotlar:

1. Fuzailov S., Xudoyberganova M., Yo‘ldosheva Sh. Ona tili 3-sinf uchun darslik. – Toshkent.: «O‘qituvchi», 2014. – 144 b.

2. Ikromova R., G‘ulomova X., Yo‘ldosheva Sh., Shodmonqulova D. Ona tili. 4-sinf uchun darslik. – Toshkent: «O‘qituvchi», 2015. – 192 b.

3. Matchonov S., Shojalilov A., X. G‘ulomova, Sh. Sariyev, Z. Dolimov. O‘qish kitobi. 4-sinf uchun darslik. – Toshkent: “Yangiyo‘l poligraf servis”, 2015. – 240 b.

4. Qosimova K., Fuzailov S., Ne’matova A. Ona tili. 2-sinf uchun darslik. – Toshkent.: «Cho‘lpon», 2014. – 128 b.

5. G‘afforova T., Shodmonov E., G‘ulomova X. Ona tili. 1-sinf uchun darslik. – Toshkent: “Sharq”, 2015. – 112 b.

6. G‘afforova T., Shodmonov E., G‘ulomova X. O‘qish kitobi. 1-sinf uchun darslik. – Toshkent: “Sharq”, 2015. – 112 b.

7. Львов М.Р. Речь младших школьников и пути её развития. ‒ Москва: «Просвещение», 1975. – 176 c.

8. Сафаров Ф. С. Бошланғич синф ўқувчиларига мавҳум тушунчаларни образ воситасида тушунтириш. ‒ “Педагогик маҳорат” журнали. Бухоро, 2013, 2-сон, Б. 50 – 53 .

9. Текучев А. В. Методика преподавания русского языка в средней школе. Москва, 1980. – 224 c .